Use the following notation to work with structures and pointers to structures.
s.f
If s is a structure then s.f is the
field called f in s. For example,
Cell c; c.item = 20; c.name = "a cell";creates structure c of type Cell (defined on the previous page) and stores 20 in its item field and string "a cell" in its name field. |
Pointers to structure
There is a general rule in C++ that if
p is a pointer of type T*,
for some type T, then expression
*p has type T. That rule
applies to all types T, including
structure types. For example, if p
is created by
PairOfInts x; PairOfInts* p = &x;then p has type PairOfInts* and *p has type PairOfInts. So you can see that a pointer to a structure points to the entire structure. Structures are treated differently from arrays, where a pointer to an array is treated as a pointer to the first item in the array. |
If p is a pointer to a structure
then p->f abbreviates
(*p).f. For example,
Cell* p = new Cell; p->item = 20; p->name = "a cell";creates a new Cell in the heap and initializes it. |
What is the difference between . and -> for structure? Answer
Using the type Employee from exercise structure-1, write statements that create a pointer to an Employee called Philp, makes Philp point to a newly allocated Employee in the heap, and then sets *Philp's name to "Phil", salary to 80,000 and office to "232D". Answer
What does p->size abbreviate? Answer